A posture correction and waist traction functional chair according to the present invention comprises: a seat plate having a lower part connected to the legs and supporting the buttocks when a user is seated; a backrest plate support rotatably provided at the rear end of the seat plate; a backrest plate which is rotatably provided in front of the backrest plate support about a transverse axis so that the user can maintain a sitting or lying state, is formed to have a curved surface to correspond to the user's shoulder line and spine line, and has a headrest at the upper end; and a traction driving apparatus provided so that the backrest plate is movable along the backrest plate support.